algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðəm/
Ordered steps that solve a mathematical problem. A precise step-by-step plan for a computational procedure that possibly begins with an input value and yields an output value in a finite number of steps. (Wiktionary)

data structure
Any way of storing and organizing data in a computer so that it can be accessed efficiently. (Wiktionary)

Graphs

Trees

The binary HeapInserting and removing, heap in an array and Heapsort
Binomial heapsStructure of binomial heaps and trees, inserting and removing, melding heaps
Binary search treesBST invariant, finding, inserting and removing, rebalancing trees

Sorting

Misc

Hash tables and Bloom filtersSeparate chaining, open addressing, linear probing and double hashing

About the author

Chris Laux has been a programmer for many years, lately working with JavaScript, Go and Python. His interest in programming started in childhood when he discovered BASIC and Pascal for MS DOS. He believes the static display of algorithms and data structures in conventional textbooks and web pages can be much improved using modern animation techniques. He lives in the town of Nürnberg, Germany.